基于Landsat和MODIS数据融合的农牧区NPP模拟

天山北坡是中国重要的农牧业发展基地,利用遥感数据准确获取植被净初级生产力(Net primary productivity,NPP)的时空信息,对于合理分配农牧业草地资源具有重要意义。由于受到天气影响及卫星传感器受到时间分辨率和空间分辨率的限制,获取既具有中空间分辨率、又具有高时间分辨率的遥感数据比较困难。本文基于中空间分辨率Landsat 8 OLI数据与高时间分辨率MODIS数据,采用遥感数据时空融合STARFM算法,获取中空间分辨率和高时间分辨率序列的遥感数据,以天山北坡中段区域为实验区,结合CASA模型,对区域内植被NPP进行模拟。结果表明,2016年内8个时期,融合后的NDVI数据与对应时刻的Landsat 8 OLI NDVI数据的相关系数不小于0.759,偏差在0.006 2～0.009 4之间,均方根误差在0.074～0.135之间;利用融合数据与CASA模型协同模拟的NPP具有良好的空间细节信息,NPP模拟值与野外实测值决定系数R~2为0.860 1,表明两者具有较好的相关性。本研究为多源遥感影像融合技术与光能利用率模型协同模拟NPP提供了新的思路。     

完善农村居民最低生活保障制度的几点建议

当前，我国农村普遍建立了居民最低生活保障制度，这是保障农村社会稳定的“最后一道安全网”，是中国农村社会保障体系的基础工程。但是，我国农村居民最低生活保障制度也还存在一些问题，例如保障对象、保障方式、保障资金、管理体制等，充分认识并采取 有效措施解决好这些问题，对于完善农村社会保障体系，维护农村社会稳定和经济发展有着重要现实意义。     

南方山区草地资源的类型及开发利用途径

根据生态学的基本原理，对我国南方山区草地资源的特点进行了分析，从生态学类型上对该地区草地进行了划分，进而提出了南方山区草地开发利用的途径。     

浅析农牧交错区特殊地位与生态环境建设难点

农牧交错区是国家实施西部大开发的重点区域,通过建国50多年的艰苦努力,已经成为一条经济产业带,生产了大量的煤炭、石油、天然气和农牧产品支持国家的经济建设,并对西部地区起着重要的吸引和辐射作用。通过野外调查和资料分析,按照典型剖析、专题研究、总结提高的基本思路,分析了农牧交错区在国家经济建设中的地位与作用,探讨了在西部大开发中生态环境建设面临的严峻挑战,进而提出了相应的发展对策。     

Effects of land ownership and landscape-level factors on rare-species richness in natural areas of southern Ontario,Canada

Surprisingly few studies have considered the extent to which the nature of the ownership of land is associated with differences in biodiversity. We analysed ownership and other landscape-level effects on rare-species richness for both globally- and regionally-rare biota (including birds, herpetofauna, butterflies, mammals, and plants) in 289 designated natural areas (NAs) in southern Ontario, Canada. Information about each NA −including area, number of plant communities, ownership status and details of species diversity were collected from published sources. Length of perimeter of NA, relative isolation, and an estimate of fragmentation were measured using image analysis and GIS techniques. NAs were in general relatively small, with mean area of 158 ha (median 85 ha, range from 0.9 to 1278 ha) for private NAs; public NAs had mean area of 132 ha (median 16 ha, range from 0.1 to 1481 ha). Mean number of plant communities was 4.6 (median 4, range 1- 13) at private NAs and 3.8 (median 3, range 1-16) at public NAs. Our results show that, of several landscape-level factors, area had the greatest effects on rare-species richness and other biotic indices. Effects of area were followed by effects of plant community diversity, however this was itself significantly affected by area and the extent of perimeter of the NA. Both these factors were followed by effects of ownership of the NA and by effects of isolation of the NA (represented by minimum distance to nearest NA and by number of NAs in 10 km radius). Other landscape- level factors did not appear to have overall significant effects. Variation in area accounted for 0.1% to 29% of variation in number of rare species, with lower values for globally-rare, than for regionally-rare taxa. For all biotic groups, public ownership of NAs was associated with significantly greater rare-species richness compared to private ownership, even after other factors such as area were controlled. For all globally-rare biota except butterflies, area of NA had greater effects on rare-species richness than did ownership. Richness of regionally- rare birds was more affected by plant community diversity than by area of NA. Number of recorded plant communities accounted from 2.1% of variation in number of globally-rare plant species to as high as 31% of variation in regionally-rare butterflies. The diversity of plant communities was itself influenced by total site area (accounting for 45% of variation), extent of elongation of the NA, and both external- and interior- edge perimeters. Public NAs had greatest numbers of rare biota and so should be a significant focus for conservation programs. Smaller, privately-owned patches of natural area dominate (by number and area) in this densely populated region and their significance should not be overlooked. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

日本金龟子在中国适生区的预测

日本金龟子PopilliajaponicaNewman是一种重要的害虫 ,主要危害草坪和观赏植物。日本金龟子原产日本 ,现在已经分布于许多国家 ,并且造成了严重的经济损失。目前中国尚未有该虫分布。本文通过以计算机为基础的生态气候模型—CLIMEX ,利用气候数据来预测日本金龟子适合的地理分布区 ,预测结果是日本金龟子可以在中国大约 31个市、县地区生存 ,主要是沿海地区和长江流域 ,尤其是中国的中东部地区     

农村养鸡防疫存在问题及对策

科学疫病防控是现代化家禽养殖产业发展中一项重要和不可或缺的工作,是实现鸡养殖产业健康可持续发展的关键所在。由于农村地区的很多养殖户科学疫病防控重视程度不高,在养殖管理过程中并没有构建完善的疫病防控措施,养殖管理方案不当,鸡群处于亚健康状态,身体抵抗能力较差,一旦某些传染性疾病在养殖场中爆发流行,很容易造成严重危害,使大量鸡死亡,给养殖场带来不可挽回的经济损失。该文分析农村养鸡防疫存在的问题,论述具体的解决措施。     

传统与现代融合视角下欠发达地区美丽乡村规划策略研究——以江西省吉水县江家村为例

在全国开展美丽乡村建设的热浪中,欠发达地区乡村面临着产业结构单一、乡村风貌趋同、特色丧失的问题.以江西省吉水县江家村”美丽乡村”规划设计实践为实例,探索通过分析乡村格局、文化特色、建筑风貌、发展价值及潜力等要素,从经济、文化、建筑三大内容着手,区域联动,城乡统筹,规划先行,保护传统建筑,突出乡土地域特色,塑造具有地域特色和归属感的“美丽乡村”.     

丘陵山区果园机械化技术与装备研究进展

中国果园种植面积大，主要集中在丘陵山区，受地形条件和种植模式影响，丘陵果园机械化程度普遍偏低，随着产业结构的调整，果园机械化的发展程度将直接影响其经济效益。本文分析了中国果园分布情况与丘陵果园种植特点，概述了丘陵果园的机械化发展程度，并分析了制约其发展的原因，阐述了机械动力底盘、多功能作业平台、果树修剪机械、植保机械以及采摘收获机械等果园主要装备和技术的研究现状和进展，并对部分果园机械的生产与推广应用情况进行调研分析。在此基础上指出丘陵果园机械化发展面临的问题，认为缺乏对复杂环境的适应能力是制约丘陵果园机械化发展的关键，对果园改建和机械装备研究等提出了发展建议。